Tag Archives: histology

Computationally creating a PowerPoint presentation of experimental results using Python

This post is an update of the previous post, which discussed how to create a powerpoint slide desk with results using Matlab. In the last couple of years, we have mostly transitioned to python for our digital pathology image analysis, in particular those tasks which employ deep learning. It thus makes sense to port our tools over as well. In this case, we’ll be looking at building powerpoint slide desks using python.

Let’s look at what we want as our final output:

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Digital Pathology Segmentation using Pytorch + Unet

In this blog post, we discuss how to train a U-net style deep learning classifier, using Pytorch, for segmenting epithelium versus stroma regions. This post is broken down into 4 components following along other pipeline approaches we’ve discussed in the past:

  1. Making training/testing databases,
  2. Training a model,
  3. Visualizing results in the validation set,
  4. Generating output.

This model focuses on using solely Python and freely available tools (i.e., no matlab).

This blog post assumes moderate knowledge of convolutional neural networks, depending on the readers background, our JPI paper may be sufficient, or a more thorough resource such as Andrew NG’s deep learning course.

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On Stain Normalization in Deep Learning

Just wanted to take a moment and share some quick stain normalization type experimental results. We have a trained in-house nuclei segmentation model which works fairly well when the test images have similar stain presentation properties, but when new datasets arrive which are notably different we tend to see a decreased classifier performance.

Here we look at one of these images and ways of improving classifier robustness.

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Dividing and re-merging large images (Humpty Dumpty)

One of the challenges in working in digital pathology is that the associated images can be excessively large, too large to load fully into memory, as well as too large to use in common pipelines. For example, a Aperio SVS file that we’ll look at today is 60,000 x 42,600 pixels. If we tried to load such an image, in RGB space, uncompressed it would require ~7GB, making it too large to consider using in our deep learning pipelines as there wouldn’t be enough RAM on the GPU for both the data and the filter activations.

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Use Case 6: Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC) Segmentation

This blog posts explains how to train a deep learning Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC) classifier in accordance with our paper “Deep learning for digital pathology image analysis: A comprehensive tutorial with selected use cases”.

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Use Case 4: Lymphocyte Detection

Typically, you’ll want to use a validation set to determine an optimal threshold as it is often not .5 (which is equivalent to argmax). Subsequently, use this threshold on the the “_prob” image to generate a binary image.This blog posts explains how to train a deep learning lymphocyte detector in accordance with our paper “Deep learning for digital pathology image analysis: A comprehensive tutorial with selected use cases”.

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